The Human Papilloma virus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted disease more common today, affecting between 1 and 2% of the sexually active population. Its transmission occurs mainly through sexual contact, and although the majority of infections are asymptomatic and may resolve spontaneously, The HPV in men of middle age has increased due to sexual habits and acquired immunity.
The incubation period of HPV is variable, ranging between 1 and 3 months, although it can be extended up to 6 months, and the most visible symptoms are usually the genital warts. These lesions can appear in various mucous membranes, being most common on the glans penis, perianal region, and even in the mouth after practice of oral sex. However, the virus can also remain latent in the epithelial cells, making it harder to detect and allows the infection to persist without being identified over the years. Studies have shown that up to 40% of infections may be subclinical, which highlights the importance of a proper diagnosis.
The HPV vaccine, approved by the FDA in 2006, and included in the Calendar of Vaccination Mandatory Argentina in 2011, is an effective tool to reduce the incidence of this disease. From 11 years of age, is compulsory in Argentina. In addition, the use of condoms can help prevent transmission of the virus, although its efficacy is not absolute, since HPV can be present in areas not covered by the condom.
For the treatment of visible warts, there are a variety of options that include treatments are self-administered, such as podophyllin, and imiquimod, as well as medical interventions such as cryotherapy or laser surgery. The high rate of recurrence of infections complicates the management of HPV, which requires a holistic approach to medical care.
Awareness about HPV and the access to medical care are essential for controlling its spread and prevent serious complications, such as cancer of the penis and the cancer of neck of uterus, which makes prevention and education in fundamental priorities in public health.
Note Dr. Horacio Sanguinetti, medical specialist in urology.
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